Essential Criteria For An Ideal Learning Environment English Language Essay

Essential Criteria For An Ideal Learning Environment English Language Essay After World War II, while the bomb damaged parliamentary buildings were being reconstructed, Winston Churchill urged that design of the great oratory halls remain as before. Fearing that a different plan might diminish the importance of their traditional form of debate, he stated, we shape our buildings and then they shape us. His statement raises an important question: Does the man made environment affect how we live and act within it? Commercial, retail and entertainment industries pay close attention to the formation of space. We often judge the quality of a restaurant prior to sampling the cuisine. We are then surprised or justified in our opinions of the quality of a product based on the surroundings within which we experience it. Do schools and classroom spaces enhance or detract from the learning process? Learning is essentially a mental process. So why do we bother with how the classroom looks or feels? Educational philosopher John Dewey urged that the learning environment be humane and attentive to individual children rather than be a form of mass instruction. Exceptional teachers however, sometimes boast of their ability to practice their art anywhere and under adverse circumstances. A fundamental question must be asked: How does one learn? Early discoveries by noted Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget and more recent theories explored by educator Howard Gardner have expanded the more traditional views of the process of learning. Age, sex, culture and individual character greatly influence not only ones ability to learn but indicate a multitude of ways that an individual potentially can learn. Learning is no longer considered merely an accumulation of knowledge but rather the understanding or ability to construct knowledge in meaningful ways for a particular purpose or solution to a well defined problem. The individual style of a teacher, the curriculum being presented, the maturity and learning ability of the individual student must each be accommodated within the classroom space. If these are thoughtfully considered, the new learning environments will enhance, not hinder the learning process. As more is discovered about the learning process, the curriculum and style of pedagogy will periodically be updated, adapted and re-evaluated. The classroom space will also undergo a similar scrutiny. The physical environment then, should not be constructed to manipulate or influence a particular style of teaching or learning, but rather be responsive to and adaptive by individual teacher and student needs. Over the past fifteen years, I have worked with several educators to design, build and remodel dozens of educational facilities. The past two years were spent in observing and researching teaching practices through a masters thesis study. I have concluded that the following six (6) general categories include criteria which are essential components necessary for meeting the demands of learning based schools. Both the designer and the teacher should understand and be aware of these qualities to ensure their careful consideration to construct an optimum learning environment. 1. Size, Shape and Scale: The size of a room affects the possible arrangement of activities within it. Generally, the larger the room, the more flexibility and the smaller, the more intimate. A rectangular shaped room affords more interactive visibility between occupants whereas L shaped ones or ones with alcoves allow for variety of privacy to individual learners. Movable wall devices can accommodate many different shapes. Scientific observations indicate that the student builds confidence through achievement. The ability to relate to elements within a room affords a degree of self empowering through scale that is relative. Size and locations of counters, windows, furniture and storage elements all should be considered or be adapted to the scale of the user(s). 2. Acoustical Quality and Noise Control: Acoustical liveliness is a product of room configuration (parallel walls), surface finishes (hard, soft), material density (solid, hollow) and air tightness (sound transfer). A room designed for music is constructed very differently from one designed for quiet conversation. Shower spaces are great for singing but poor for conducting discussions. If group activities are more prevalent than a single lecture source, rooms should more sound absorptive. Learning is hampered when the teacher or students do not have a common language or when students are unfamiliar with a strange concept if the spoken words are not heard or clearly enunciated. Hard walls such as glass or marker boards should not oppose each other but rather be opposite an open storage areas of differing heights and depths. Disturbing echoes or flutters can also be mitigated by angling walls at least 5 degrees out of their original parallel plane. Carpet on floors and acoustical ceilings cut down on reverberation (sound that continues to bounce). Massive walls or ones with sound insulation prevent exterior noise transfer but only if there is no air gap (walls only to the bottom of suspended ceilings do not help). If windows or doors must be opened for ventilation, a low frequency sound can be used to mask conversations or exterior noise which may disturb individual discussions. 3. Illumination and Views: High energy costs caused the design and production of efficient lighting systems for both business and school facilities. Incandescent fixtures have been replaced by fluorescent fixtures as the most common electric light source within classrooms. The human need and desire for natural sunlight and for views to adjacent spaces (for orientation) requires that the two illumination sources be balanced for a variety of activities. Because daylight varies with the season, time of day, weather and position of glazing, controls are necessary for its admission into the interior. Electric light sources are more easily controlled not only when balancing with sunlight but for the specific tasks that need illumination. Glare caused by the imbalance of light sources within ones field of view or bounced off of a reflective surface (marker board or computer monitor) is one of the major causes of irritation and is a detriment to learning. Knowledge of the extreme ratio of daylight to electric light (a s great as 500:1) requires that control devices for reflecting, shading or blocking be carefully considered. Reflectivity of surface finishes, arrangement and location of light sources as well as their method for diffusion within the classroom all play an important role in the comfort for the student and teacher for the purpose of learning. 4. Temperature, Humidity and Ventilation: Several studies indicate that teachers rather than students are more upset by temperature fluctuations within a classroom. Test scores are not adversely affected by temperatures except under extreme conditions. Students generally like the temperature slightly cooler (5 degrees to 10 degrees) than do teachers. Traditionally, boys or mens clothing insulates their bodies slightly better than does girls or womens clothing. Because the temperature, humidity and ventilation of an enclosed space will depend on a number of factors including the configuration and materials of the building, amount of glazing, size and volume of the space, number of occupants and their current state of activity as well as the heating and cooling system, flexibility for manipulating that system is extremely important for comfort. If the teacher must override existing controls by opening doors or windows to augment their comfort, the system is self defeated and the teacher probably agitated (i.e. not doing the be st teaching). Controls should be independent for each space and be simple to operate. 5. Communication, Electrical Power and Technology: The advent of electrically powered devices over the past four decades has increasingly invaded the home, business and educational environments. From satellite broadcasts to surfing the Internet, learning opportunities are constantly changing. Regardless of the individual pedagogy or curriculum utilized, a variety of electronic tools now augment and have become integral to the classroom. The business community has pioneered and developed flexible systems that are easily planned and readily available now within the classroom environment. Audio and data transfer systems are simple to network and upgrade when necessary. Raceways or conduits provided at regular intervals allow present and future planning of communication, power and technology. Floor (power and data) outlets should be avoided because of the possibility of maintenance or tripping hazards. Counter height and surface outlets, overhead poles or retractable coils provide needed flexibility. 6. Material Finishes, Textures and Colours: More controversy is evoked over the colour or texture of a finish material than any other aspect of its use. Studies indicate that 25 % of the population view or perceive colour differently than do the remaining majority. Colours not only evoke cultural style but have historic and symbolic references as well. Bright and light colours tend to advance and dim or dark colours tend to recede. Smooth surfaces appear harder than do rough textures. Self esteem affects an individuals learning progress. Since much of the work displayed within a classroom is student work, ease of display is extremely important. Surface colours must be none competing with exhibited work. Tack able wall surfaces are created with either sound absorbent (tack able) board or vinyl wall material wrapped around a durable surface and then adhered to the substrate. Finishes within reach of students should be cleanable, durable and/or replaceable. Apart from the finish of materials, the perception of newness or cleanlin ess also affects learning. Equivalent schools were observed as one was repainted and the other was not. Attendance and test scores improved dramatically in the facility which was simply refinished. Conclusions on Interrelationships: It is obvious that all of these criteria are interrelated. A small habitable space with a large amount of glazing with southern exposure (in the northern hemisphere) will most likely be bright and warm on a clear day. If a window is opened adjacent to a playground, noise will penetrate the room. If walls are finished with a glossy paint over hard surfaces such as plaster, speech will be difficult to understand especially as more individuals speak simultaneously. If a marker or chalk board is opposite an exterior window, it will be difficult to see because of the resultant glare. If floors are finished with a composition tile which was intended for easier maintenance, the room will reverberate and be livelier than if finished with carpet. If the carpet colour is plain and either very light or dark, it will quickly appear to be dirty. There is nothing new or remarkable about these environmental considerations. We consider most of them when using our native common sense. We often make individual adjustments to our living and learning space(s) to be more functional or comfortable. However, sometimes these adjustments may diminish an others opportunity for learning. Tin foil or shades on windows reduce occasions for a view of the sky, a beautiful sunset, the landscape or an outside object used to illustrate a particular lesson. Shrinking the height of an existing classroom to reduce heating or cooling costs may alter the sound qualities or prevent the display of student work. Brightly coloured walls or high light levels may increase glare and possibly unwanted heat gain through lamp radiation. Hard cleanable surfaces may simplify maintenance tasks but increase reverberation or prevent teacher or student displays and consequently provide an atmosphere which is unpleasant to learn or teach within. All of these well int ended decisions resulted in unintentional problems which are known to affect childrens learning ability or make education more difficult. When planning or remodelling a classroom environment, a successful (subjective) learning space requires that both the educator and environmental designer understand the affects of each criteria quality with respect to learning as well as each criterias interrelationship to each other. A good classroom must include the possibility for individual control as well as provide a well proportioned, stimulating and comfortable learning space which takes advantage of local character, solar orientation, appropriate views, and proper functional interaction with adjoining learning elements and strong connections with the surrounding community. Allowing teachers to easily adapt learning environments to their individual pedagogical style(s) will increase the opportunity for student learning.

Tourette Syndrome Essay examples -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Tourette Syndrome Tourette syndrome is an inherited severe neurological disorder usually occurring before the age of eighteen and is associated with a degree of facial and body tics sometimes accompanied by random declarations of phrases or obscenities (2,3). The facial and body tics associated with the disorder can be painful and even embarrassing. Involuntary body movements such as jaw snapping, gyrating, hopping, and obscene gesturing are to name a few (1). Tourette Syndrome was named after a French neuropsychiatrist named Gilles de la Tourette who successfully assessed the disorder in the late 1800’s(3). Tourette Syndrome claims no specific race or ethnicity. The disorder generally can affect any ethnic group yet it does affect three to four times more males than it does females (3). Although just a mere decade ago Tourette Syndrome was frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, Sydenham’s chorea, epilepsy, or nervous habits, its symptoms are now differentiated and specific case related. Tourette Syndrome is a case sensitive genetic disorder that varies from generation to generation. However, not everyone that carries the genetic make up of Tourette Syndrome will express those symptoms (1). Coined as the term autosomal dominate, when one parent is a carrier or expresses symptoms of having Tourette syndrome, there is a 50/50 chance the child will receive the gene from the parent (1,4). There are several behavioral and cognitive difficulties associated with the tics that many with Tourette Syndrome experience. Although Tourette Syndrome may present itself as a disorder of motor and vocal tics, it is much more complex. Commonly linked with Tourette Syndrome is attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity(A... ...r bodies just can’t control. While we think of behavior as a voluntary physical action, Tourette Syndrome reminds us that it is not. Without proper brain function our behavior can become totally involuntary and have a ‘mind’ of its own. Behavior is not a result of a physical bodily movement. Behavior may start in the brain and the type of behavior emitted is thus a result of the manner by which that brain functions. However it is also important to be opened minded and realize that sometimes our bodies can react without direct causation of the brain. Internet Sources: 1)htttp://www.mentalhealth.com/book/p40-gtor.html; Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tourette Syndrome 2)Dictionary.com/tourette syndrome 3)http://www.tsa-usa.org/; Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc. 4)http://members.tripod.com/~tourette13/; The Facts About Tourette Syndrome

Monkey trial

Monkey Trial offers imminent into American history topics with regional differences, community standards in developing teaching programs, the division of church and state, freedom of speech, the legal system, and the media's impact on court cases, the reasons for individual or regional economic success, great speeches and the art of speech. On the second day of Kansas' mock trial of evolution, Kathy Martin produced a moment to remember. Martin a member of Kansas' Board of Education and part of a 6-4 majority that appears dead set on varying state standards so the creationist theory of intellectual design, and perhaps other religious ideas, can be educated in science classes along with development. Martin and her creationist contemporaries are set to make a report lately issued by scientists and educators on Kansas' curriculum committee, which wants to keep the state's solid science standards intact. But Martin had trouble even clearing just what she hates about the existing standards. Martin, did not really read the program committee's report, nor does she think such inspection is essential. â€Å"Please don't feel bad that you haven't read the whole thing, because I haven't   Ã‚   read it myself.† (Martin) To clarify, Martin later explained: â€Å"I'm not a word-for-word reader in this kind    of technical information.† (Martin) So it went at Kansas' development hearings, which finished Thursday, a Board of Education event where an existing understanding of all that irritating technological information implicated in science was in fact measured unnecessary to reach a decision on evolution. Nonetheless, having staged its complicated mock trial, inclusive with indication and cross-examination, the board is likely to approve by August new guidelines that many feel will allow religious views to be a part of science education. Fearing the fix was by now in for creationism, scientists around the world stick to a KCFS-organized boycott of the event, regarding it as a publicity stunt concocted by officials. The Trial started in Topeka and the Topeka civil rights lawyer Pedro Irigonegaray, who finished matters with a presentation stressing the religious underpinnings of clever design — the modern version of the 19th century disagreement that life is too composite to have developed incrementally from easy forms. Krebs, a science teacher who co-founded Kansas Citizens for Science like others around the country who have stood up for evolution in recent years, regards the present creationist obsession on intelligent design as a lodge, planned to open the door to the opening of a wide range of creationist ideas in science classrooms. For that matter, he also views the complete struggle over development as only a lodge in the religious right's efforts to tear down the constitutional wall between church and state. Indeed, while the battle over development is not essentially fought along severe party lines, it holds many of the familiar dynamics of modern American party politics. Evolution's supporter feels they have the facts on their side but confess they resist with satisfaction within their electorate. The pro-evolution forces also admit they must catch up to creationists in organization and strategy, in order to combat a well-funded, aggressive opposition with a liking for slick sound bites, message discipline, and a current strategy of cloaking radical aims in innocuous-sounding rhetoric. More than everything else, the environment of the struggle in Kansas reveals how much creationist strategy have changed since the state's 1999 anti-evolution episode. Now as then, the driving force behind the creationists is Steve Abrams, a veterinarian, former Kansas gubernatorial candidate, one-time chairman of the state Republican Party, and current chairman of the Board of Education. In 1999, however, Abrams and his allies supported a version of creationism heavily reliant on the biblical creation stories in the book of Genesis. By contrast, for this month's hearings, the Board of Education brought in a long string of advocates of intelligent design, who argued that standard evolutionary biology is based on incomplete evidence and that some sort of designer must have been at work to develop life. Bibliography In Kansas, A Sharp Debate on Evolution Educators Consider Intelligent Design By Peter Slevin Washington Post Staff Writer Friday, May 6, 2005; Page A01 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/05/AR2005050501927.html

Alternative To Conventional Banking And Jordan Islamic Bank Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2426 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Islamic Banking Is a bank that is governed on the principles of Islamic law (also known Shariah) and guided by Islamic economics. Two main conditions must be fulfilled in order to be an Islamic Bank Sharing of profit and loss and, The prohibition of the collection and payment of interest In order to further explore the Islamic banking I have selected the Jordan Islamic Bank for my research report. Jordan Islamic Bank (Introduction) Mission Statement Commitment to apply the latest innovative products in the banking technology to meet the expectations and needs of customers and to maintain a competitive edge. Background Jordan Islamic came into being in 1978 as public shareholding limited company. It started its operation as core Islamic institution right now its operating in all kinds of banking, financing and investment business operations in compliance with the glorious Islamic Shariah. Its headquartered is in Amman, Jordan. It has now 56 branches and 12 cash offices, as well as 74 ATMs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alternative To Conventional Banking And Jordan Islamic Bank Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Governing Rule and Risk Management Strategies It has started its operations under and in accordance with the provisions of Jordan Islamic Banks Special Law, which was superceded by one chapter on Islamic banks in the Banks Law which was in effect as of 2nd August, 2000. The Board of Directors report included the banks Corporate Governance Guide which was affected on 31/12/2007. This Guide has been prepared in accordance with the Guiding Principles of Corporate Management issued by the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), the instructions of the Central Bank of Jordan and the best related international practices. The top management of the Jordan Islamic Bank is applying effective management policies against to hedge the Credit Risk, Country Risk, Operational Risk, Human Operation Risk, and Market Risk. The JIB is appropriate evaluate, appraisal and monitor the credit risk of the customer in order to fulfilled the collateral securities and cash margin of his institution. The JIB is used CAMEL Rating and SWOT Analysi s in order to reduce the bank credit and equity risk. Recent Rating The Banks rating has increased from (BB+STABLE) to (BBB-STABLE) according to the rating of Capital Intelligence. Main Body of Jordan Islamic Bank Merit of the Jordan Islamic Bank Product and Services Promoting Islamic Banking The bank continued to bear its social and cultural responsibilities which exceed strengthening Islamic values in the normal banking transactions or doing social or cultural activities, to the positive interaction with these activities through: The bank participated in a number of conferences and seminars pertaining to the Islamic Development Bank (IDB), Al Baraka Banking Group (ABG), General Council for Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions (CIBAFI), Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), or the Al Baraka Annual Fiqh Seminar and other conferences and boards which work to improve the operations of Islamic banks. Producing Scientific Research The banks interest in scientific research and professional training activities continued. The expenses of the banks training institute, the internal costs of teaching and training employees, Banking Studies of the Central Bank Institute, as well as the expenses of donations and sponsorship of scientific conferences and educational institutions reached about JD (281) thousand. Donations The bank continued supporting a lot of social and cultural events and presenting donations to its activities since the total donations reached about JD (340.9) thousand to support the Hashmite Jordanian Fund for Human Development, King Abdullah II Fund Poverty Pockets, Safety Fund for Orphans Future, Charitable Hashmite Association, Quran Preservation Associations, the donations presented to the mosques building committees and Zakat committees, in addition to other charitable associations inside the kingdom . Al-Qard Al-Hassan The bank continued presenting Al-Qard Al-Hassan for justified social purposes such as education, medicine and marriage. Al-Qard Al-Hassan granted by the bank in 2008 reached about JD (21.8) million from which (19.3) thousand citizens benefited against about JD (8.7) million from which (19.1) thousand citizens benefited in 2007. Financing professionals and craftsmen The bank continued applying the program which was established in 1994 and dedicated to finance the craftsmens businesses and projects by Al-Musharaka method whose number reached (77) projects till the end of 2008, while the total financing granted to them reached about JD (1.7) million in addition to financing the bank offers to this category of citizens by Al-Murabaha method. Mutual Insurance Fund The bank continued managing the Mutual Insurance Fund for the banks debtors which was established in 1994. During 2008, the number of cases compensated from this fund reached (98) and the compensations paid from it reached about JD (320) thousand. The total indemnity cases since the funds establishment till the end of 2008 reached (975) and the compensations paid form it reached about JD (2.48) million. The funds balance at the end of 2008 reached about JD (22.36) million, and the outstanding number of participants in this fund reached about (100) thousand while the outstanding balance of their debts reached about JD (321) million. The Bank has raised the insurance limit as of 1/8/2007 to include people with debts reaching JD (40) thousand or less, instead of JD (25) thousand or less in the past years. Economic Contribution The Bank also continued investing in the capitals of national companies whose main activities comply with the rules of Islamic Sharia and which produce goods and services of public interest for the national community and economy. The number of companies that the Bank invested in their capitals reached (32) companies whereas the investment volume reached about JD (46.5) million. Major JIB Products Services: The Bank carries out, for its own account as well as for the accounts of others, all kinds of banking and financing activities on a non-usurious basis. Jordan Islamic Bank provides banking, financing, and investment services to individuals and institutions in compliance with the Islamic Sharia in Jordan. It accepts various deposit products, including trust deposits; and joint investment accounts, such as savings, specified investment, notice, and term accounts. The company also offers: Money transfer, Letters of credit, , Letters of guarantee Safe boxes, Travelers checks, commercial papers, and e-banking services. Interest-free loans (Al-Qird Al-Hassan) to meet certain social obligations; Swift and Money Gram services. Further, the company conducts feasibility studies on behalf of its clients, as well as on behalf of other parties and provides various advisory services. Jordan Islamic Bank offers its services through 56 branches and 12 cash offices, as well as 74 ATMs. Detailed Review of Products Services Accepting of deposits in JD and in foreign currencies in the following accounts: Current and demand accounts. Joint investment accounts: saving, notice, fixed accounts as well as Mudaraba, Restricted investment accounts and Investment by proxy accounts. Investing in Islamic investment modes such as Mudaraba, Musharaka, Murabaha, Direct investments, Istisna and leasing ending in the transfer of ownership. Issuing and printing of banking cards issued In-House including Visa card, (Smart Card) (Chip Pin), Visa Electron and Master Card. Issuing of ATM cards (24 hour service). Accepting of cheques and collection of financial papers. Using the S.W.I.F.T system for issuing LCs and for money transfers. Speed cash services through Westerns Union. Opening of LCs. Speed cash payments Western Union. Buying and selling of foreign currencies on spot value basis only. Issuing of cheques in foreign currencies. Renting of safe boxes. Management of manag eable properties on behalf of owners. Participating in the capitals of companies. Acting as agent at Amman bourse for buying and selling shares and investment certificates issued on a non-usurious basis In this regard, the Bank has established Sanabel Al-khair Company for Financial Investments in 2006 to take the place of the Financial Brokerage Office that belongs to the Bank. Giving AL-Qard AL-Hassan (interest free loan) to needy citizens to enable them meet certain obligations such as marriage, education and medication expenses. E-banking. Providing SMS Service by mobile phones. Providing secure shopping via the internet (VBV). Table about Financial highlights of JIB FY 2007-2008 Explanation of detailed analysis of Jordan Islamic Bank Financial Statement FY 2008 Jordan Islamic Bank has continued its course in deepening the experience of the Islamic Banking Industry, strengthening conviction in the ability of the Glorious Islamic Sharia in dealing effectively with every new developments in conformity with all rules, regulations, instructions and monitoring methods that govern all banks in Jordan, with the commitment to its mission, and the confirmation of its place in the Jordanian banking market, exceeding all obstacles and achieving more growth in its different activities. The following is the summery of the 30 the annual report and the final financial statements for 2008 which were discussed and approved by the banks General Assembly in its meeting which was held on Monday 29 the April 2009 in the Head Office Building: In 2008, JIB achieved an increase in pre-tax profits reached about JD (50.1) million with an increase of (45.7%) compared to 2007 and an average return on shareholders equities reached about (34%) while the after-tax pr ofits reached about JD (35.1) million with an increase of about (52.9%) compared to 2007 and an average return on shareholders equities reached about (23.87%). The profits of the Joint Investment Accounts before distribution grew by (34.8%) as it reached about JD (101.75) million against about JD (75.5) million in 2007. The total balance sheet reached about JD (1.848) billion with a growth of about (15.7%), when including Managed Accounts (Specified Investment Accounts, Muqarada Bonds and Investment by Proxy) which are off the balance sheet, the total balance sheet increases to reach about JD (2.170) billion against JD (1.93) billion at the end of 2007. The increase in financing and investment reached about JD (196.1) million with a growth of (21.3%) since the investment banks activities in (Musharaka, Murabaha and other investments) reached about JD (1114.6) billion against JD (917.9) million in 2007. At the and of 2008, the total financing and investment balances including I nvestment Portfolios, Specified Investment and Investment by Proxy reached about JD (1.391) million distributed on (108.3) thousand transactions against about JD (1.192) million at the end of 2007 distributed on (96.6) thousand transactions. The total Savings Schemes at the end of 2008 reached about JD (1.882) million distributed to JD (702.3) thousand performing accounts against JD (1.677) million at the end of 2007 distributed to (632.9) thousand performing accounts. The balance of Investment Portfolios Accounts / Muqarada Bonds reached about JD (194.5) million, the Specified Investments balance reached about JD (88) million, and the Investment by Proxy Account balance reached about JD (9.5) million. According to these figures, the banks total assets to the total assets of the performing banks in Jordan reached (7.3%). The banks total Savings Schemes to the total clients deposits in the performing banks in Jordan reached (10.3%) and the total balances of financing and invest ment to the total direct credit facilities for the performing banks in Jordan reached about (10.9%). The financing operations carried out by the bank included different activities, social and economic utilities; healthy utilities such as hospitals, clinics, medicine companies, educational utilities such as universities, schools, educational institutions, different real estate and industrial projects, means of transportation services in addition to financing the commercial sector. With respect to financing citizens necessary needs, the report showed that at the end of 2008, the number of beneficiaries from the banks financings for construction materials, houses, transportation, construction trucks and furniture reached (32574), and the financing balance they got reached about JD (262.5) million, while the outstanding balance for financing lands, houses, construction materials, means of transportation, construction trucks and furniture reached about JD (523.9) million from which (8 3203) citizens benefited. Shareholders equities as on 31/12/2008 reached about JD (161) million against about JD (133.5) million at the end of 2007 with a growth of (20.6%), while the Capital Adequacy Ratio according to the standards set by the Central Bank of Jordan reached (13.73%) exceeding the limit approved which is (12%), and also exceeds the limit approved by Basel Committee which is (8%). The indicator reached (31.01%) according to the standards approved by the Auditing and Accounting Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). At the beginning of 2008, the bank started full application of the accrual basis in recording the Murabaha Profits financed by JD from the Joint Investments funds after applying this principle gradually during the last four years, in conformity with the plan agreed upon with the Central Bank of Jordan. During 2008, the bank has achieved more developing operations in the field of banking technologies: Completing preparations t o apply the new banking system (ICBS) including setting a connection system to link it with the financial banking system JIB. Installing new (6) ATMs to be (69), all of them are linked to the clients accounts and the national network (JONET) which consists of about (630) ATMs and the International Visa Network outside Jordan. The bank continued applying the concept of (Investment Portfolios / Muqarada Bonds), and spreading its use as a Saving Scheme which leads to perform an organized secondary market where these bonds can be circulated and liquidated any time which leads to an increase in the people willing to deal with this financial instrument whose balance reached about JD (224.5) million. During 2008, the number of the banks employees reached (1656), and the bank delegated two employees to get the Doctorates Degree, five to the Masters and six to the Bachelors. The banks training institute during 2008 witnessed more activities, since (3021) employees participated in co urses and seminars organized by the institute and other specialized centers inside and outside Jordan against (1817) employees participated in 2007. These courses covered different activities and banking, financial, administrative and legitimate works which the employees need to improve their skills. The bank also continued creating training opportunities to new students from the educational institutions to be familiar with the banks works since the number of the banks training students during 2008 reached (525). With respect to the banks plan for 2009, the bank continued varying and developing its banking services, expanding in issuing Muqarada Bonds and strengthening dealing with it, expanding in Lease Ending-in-Ownership method, expanding in the programs of financing professionals, craftsmen and small businesses to contribute in creating new job opportunities. In addition, The Bank completed the preparations to open two branches in Khalda/Amman and Al-Shounah Al-Shamalia/Irbid . The bank also intends to make both Al-Qasr offices in Al-Karak and Al-Dholeil to become a branch, and open a new office in Sama Al-Rousan / Irbid. In addition, the bank will install new ATMs and replace the old ones with updating and developing the communication systems and networks to convoy to the new technologies and development in the Banks operations including applying a new banking system (ICBS) instead of the existing one (JIB) which will be more able to meet the Banks accelerating operations and to conform with the banking technological developments, and to adopt new banking technologies and deepen and develop the Corporate Governance Principles in the Bank, as well as applying Basel II requirements. Conclusion The Jordan Islamic Bank is offering different versatile and research oriented product in this banking operation. They are lot of merit of JIB which we explain above in our report. The JIB Financial statement very much improves as compare the last FY 2007.